Biblical Reference For the Catholic Mass Term Paper

Scriptural Reference For the Catholic Mass - Term Paper Example The historical backdrop of Christianity is a declaration supporting that reality, as the Catholic Mass has been a similar path since the hour of the Apostles and the principal Christians. Sources opine the Mass as an intriguing call as it joins Christians to God in the tissue when they go in front for the Holy Communion1. This paper will give a scriptural reference for the Catholic Mass. The Catholic Mass includes a service, incense, and brilliant goblets. The early Christians were men of culture and time. They held stately occasions since they were relatives of this style of love. Afterward, Christians acquired these styles through natural and normal methods from their Jewish birthplaces. Before the Constantine authorized Christianity in Certa, Christians utilized inventories other than the Scriptures. As indicated by the composed inventories, Christians utilized various inventories, which included two brilliant cups, six silver dishes, six silver goblets, seven silver lights, andâ a silver bowl. This was for sure a service! The Bible reveals to us that Noah arranged consumed offering whereby the sacred writings set up that the â€Å"odor charmed the Lord† (Gen 8:21)2. This demonstrates Catholic Mass has Biblical reference. Most Christians think about the Law of Moses, however surprisingly few comprehend its connect to Catholic Mass. A closer viewpoint shows that God didn't come to pick the reliable or abrogate the law but instead satisfy it. (Tangle 5:17). Realities about the Law of Moses show that it had a store of vestments and services associated with it. Jesus enjoyed educating in sanctuaries. Truth be told, He adored it and named it â€Å"My Father’s House† (Luke 2:49 and John 2:16). This shows Jesus was into function and even the Heaven discusses a service. In Rev 5:8, twenty-four seniors stunned before the sheep, and they all held brilliant dishes loaded up with incense and a harp. The book of Revelation uncovers that a holy messe nger who showed up in brilliant censer and remained before the raised area. This blessed messenger got an enormous amount of incense during prayersâ at the special raised area (Rev 8:3). Concerning the Bible, these are a portion of the reasons with respect to why Catholics maintain the soul of services. Actually, Book of Revelation gives a depiction concerning the Catholic Mass. Disclosure gives a ton of accentuation and otherworldly connection to the heavenly Mass. Catholic Church sees Mass as legitimate and credible penance, which is equivalent to Holy Communion. Anglican houses of worship additionally offer Mass as appropriate penance to God. In numerous places of worship, the penance of Mass beginnings with saying thanks to the Lord. In this initial segment of the Mass, Anglicans express appreciation to God as a result of His favors, which He has offered to them. The second piece of the mass as per Anglican Church involves atoning of sins. Christians argue to the Lord to exoner ate their wrongdoings and purge them so as to offer valid and clean penance. Finally, Anglicans offer themselves as a penance to the Lord who made all the animals in the earth. Christians take an interest in festivity of Holy Communion in this piece of the Mass. This is the thing that Christians call the Eucharistic penance. Eucharistic penance is the genuine blood and group of Jesus Christ. There is a conflict among places of worship over the penance of Eucharist. Temples have varied over types of praising this penance. For example, Catholics have a fluctuated type of offering their Mass. There are numerous scriptural evidences in regards to Mass in Old and New Testaments. Melchisedech and Jesus Christ in the last dinner are models

Soliloquies Essay - Importance of the First Soliloquy in Macbeth

Significance of the First Soliloquy in Macbeth   â â â Following ruler Duncan's landing in Inverness, Macbeth conveys his first significant talk. This discourse sums up his explanations behind not having any desire to submit murder. It is additionally a picture of the plot of Macbeth, as it foretells the chain of occasions that is to follow the homicide of Duncan. Despite the fact that Macbeth realizes that he can't encumber up the result of Duncan's homicide and that his activities will have repercussions, he submits the homicide and keeps on murdering; subsequently is Macbeth demonstrated to be a powerless character who can be effectively persuaded to perform horrendous deeds. In spite of the fact that this isn't obvious before the forecasts, the minutes tailing them and his homecoming exhibit Macbeth's own defenselessness. The significant discourse that he conveys sums up the consequences of Duncan's homicide, and the huge number of murders following this all stick to this same pattern. Macbeth's possible disintegration is unavoidable.   â â â â â â Near the start of the play, Macbeth is depicted as a daring trooper and a respectable official in the lord's military. He effectively drives the assault upon the attacking powers of Macdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, and Sweno, ruler of Norway. He is murdering upon the request for another, for this situation, the ruler: [Macbeth] Like valor's flunky carv'd out his entry/Till he fac'd the slave (I.ii.19-20). Macbeth here shows up as a amazing warlord who, despite the fact that on occasion appears to be homicidal, is compelling in devastating the enemy. Before his gathering with the witches, we have a fairly perfect perspective on him; he is a decent man.   â â â â â â When Macbeth and Banquo lurch onto the infertile level where the w... ...e controlled. While he can figure and support alone, outside impacts, for example, Woman Macbeth and the witches change his activities and slant his considerations. This shortcoming of character was especially inadmissible in Macbeth's time, when men were intended to be loaded with both mental and physical courage. Macbeth was an extraordinary man, yet his deplorable issue was his demise, for a man of his capacity couldn't make due in those occasions absent significantly more good quality than he had.  Book index  Essential Source:  Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Coles Total Study Edition. Toronto: Coles, 1992.  Auxiliary Sources:   â 1. Coles Editorial Board. Minor Notes to Macbeth, Macbeth. All out Study Edition. Toronto: Coles, 1992.   â 2. Coles Editorial Board. Macbeth Notes. Toronto: Coles, 1992. Â

The Truth About Case Study Wiseess Articles

The Truth About Case Study Wiseess ArticlesIt can be somewhat disconcerting when you read a case study in a magazine, newspaper or on the Internet only to realize that the person conducting the experiment is known as 'Case Study Wiseessess.' The reason for this may have something to do with the fact that some people are uneasy about studying in the form of scientific experiments. In this case, Case Study Wiseess articles are a way to introduce the research into an unfamiliar audience and allow them to decide whether they agree with the conclusions.If you think you might be a victim of Case Study Wiseessess, there are plenty of reasons why you might want to get a more conventional, perhaps scientific, guide. Whether you're a novice researcher, a graduate student trying to complete an advanced project, or simply a teacher who needs to present a more comprehensive look at the topic at hand, Smartessays Com is the ideal solution.Smartessays Com is the complete guide you need to understan d, study, write and apply the techniques that make up Case Study Wiseesses. This resource offers insightful writing and practical advice, allowing the reader to perform a number of tasks while making sense of the information provided. The e-book includes thousands of facts, figures and key ideas that are essential to understanding the methods described in the case studies. Its research tools can be a great help for anyone wanting to do extensive research.Smartessays Com is a best seller because it presents a straightforward, yet effective method of communication. Many people are skeptical about studying under a person who has been labeled Case Study Wiseessess, but Smartessays Com encourages readers to take this approach. The author offers thorough descriptions of scientific methods and strategies, but he does not hold back in his analysis or demonstrations of the techniques themselves.Smartessays Com is certainly not a how-to book, so if youare looking for a step-by-step guide to g etting started with Case Study Wiseessess, this isn't it. Instead, the e-book guides you through the basics by explaining what scientific methods are and how they work. Once you have this knowledge, you can move on to more advanced applications, depending on your own particular interests.A word of caution, though: Readers are advised to be wary of the marketing gimmicks associated with many of the products that will guarantee the power of Case Study Wiseess. These claims are sometimes too enticing to pass up. Smartessays Com will not provide these answers, but its unique combination of storytelling and easy-to-understand explanations will provide the basics of study and application.Smartessays Com is an excellent tool for studying the scientific techniques, the importance of collaboration and communicating in a meaningful way. However, it is not a 'how-to' guide, so if you are looking for a step-by-step guide to getting started with Case Study Wiseessess, this is not it.Smartessays Com is a detailed reference to understanding Case Study Wiseessess, but it is not intended to provide step-by-step solutions. It will, however, offer a comprehensive look at the various scientific methods used in science. Because it is targeted towards experts, not everyone will find it easy to understand, but the advantage is that it presents an alternative approach to the subject and is designed to be truly useful for a wide variety of people.

The Link between Violent Video Games and Behavior

Get ready for another week of the Info Channel. Our topic for today, is South Asia. This is the channel that teaches you about the history, people, and fun facts of the world. We’ll be right back, after the commercial. Have you ever pondered about the unfairness in India? Have you ever heard of the caste system? The caste system is the categorization of social groups in India. The first cast is the Brahmin, consisting of people that have a job relating to religion such as priests. The next cast is the Kshatriya, with warriors and rulers. The next is Vaishya, formed of merchants and traders. The last is Shudra, consisting of peasants and unskilled workers. The untouchables do the dirtiest jobs, and are so low class that they aren’t even put into a caste group. People in different caste groups can’t marry each other. Although foreigners don’t have to worry about following this rule if they visited India, it is unfair for Indians. Call now to 1-800-123-4567 to take a part in stopping this unfair Indian tradition. South Asia. A place of mysteries and wonders. What are we going to teach you about today? Let’s start with India... and America. Although they seem like two completely different countries, there was one similarity: Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.. Born on October 2, 1869, Gandhi became the leader of India’s Independence Movement. He planned peaceful boycotts, trying to drive British forces out of India. He was jailed from 1922 to 1924, and assassinated in 1948Show MoreRelatedIs There a Link between Violent Video Games and Violent Behavior563 Words   |  2 PagesA huge controversy in today’s society is violent video games and their behavioral effect on the children and adults who play them. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, and even violence towards women. Many have fought that violent video games desensitize players to real-life violence, and that they are teaching the youth that violence is an acceptable conflict-solving strategy. Other sources have stated otherwise. The 2004 Secret Service has stated that o nly one-eighthRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior?1128 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Cummings Essay Lesson II Do Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior? How and why does mass media influence aggressive behavior? More specifically, does playing video games cause aggressive behavior? Because children and teenagers spend an increased amount of time each day viewing/playing video games, they are shaping their values, attitudes, and behaviors. For people who do act out aggressively, the results can be deadly. Monthly, the news is filled with blood-chillingRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Video Games794 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved, video games have been enhanced together with the latest technology. Now, video games have become one of the most iconic hobbies and free time activities for teenagers from simple smartphone games to high-graphic console or pc games. However, some people tend to claim that video games are harmful to teenagers and cause them behave violent and aggressive. Also, some opinionated radicals state that video games are related to youth violence. While some people think that video games have negativeRead MoreAre Vio lent Videogames the Trigger to Extremely Violent Acts?1158 Words   |  5 Pagesout that the shooters had spent a lot of time playing violent video games. The question that has been asked by many is â€Å"Do violent video games cause violence in real life?† The answer is yes. They do cause violence in real life, but not to the extent publicized. Many different studies and experiments have shown varying results. Most say that violence in video games does cause violent behavior. However, it is too simplistic to create a direct link to violence because of videogames. If someone is ableRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence883 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Games and Youth Violence: Is There a Real Connection? One of my fondest memories as a child was Christmas Day, 1986. I woke up early, as is typical for a child on Christmas morning. I ran to my parent’s room and rustled them out of bed so I could tear into the presents. I immediately ran to a large rectangular present and grabbed it from under the tree. I was hoping with all my might it would be what I had asked Santa to bring me, a Nintendo Entertainment System. As I ripped the paper fromRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it wi ll increase violence in theRead MoreViolent Games And Violent Video Games1122 Words   |  5 PagesAs video game images become increasingly more realistic and graphic. Therefore, is there any link between the violence depicted in those games and violence in real life? Students are the main group people who played violent video games very often. Also, losing a game causes many people to have a negative impact. Last, the attitudes on violent game and antisocial. Games are everywhere around us, such as cellphones, televisions, or computers, but violent games are the most popular type of game. TheRead MoreThe Hidden Danger: Violence Within The Media. Imagine You1141 Words   |  5 Pagesof violent material. However, this may actually harm the psychological well-being of some individuals and provoke violent behaviors in future situations. Although there have been many studies proving otherwise, some critics claim that there is no definitive link between the media and the formation of v iolent behaviors within human beings. However, the facts are true that violence, through many different media sources, are causing violence and aggression in human behaviors. Violent Video Games ViolentRead MoreMultimedia Violence : A Grave Threat Of Teens Of The New Generation. Craig A. Anderson1585 Words   |  7 PagesState University, commented on multimedia violence saying, â€Å"Exposing children and adolescents (or ‘youth’) to violent visual media increases the likelihood that they will engage in physical aggression against another person. By ‘physical aggression’ we mean behavior that is intended to harm another person physically, such as hitting with a fist or some object. A single brief exposure to violent media can increase aggression in the immediate situation. The repeated exposure leads to general increasesRead MoreVideo Games Effect On Acts Of Crime And Violence1086 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1 Scholars 3 Dec. 2015 â€Å"Are video games linked to acts of crime and violence?† Video games software and hardware are among one of the most used consumed electronic devices. My father would tell me how he and his friends used to play arcade games such as Pac-Man, Space Invaders, and Galaxian in his hometown in Guatemala. I remember I would watch him playing Super Mario 64 on our Nintendo 64 when I was a toddler. Several of my peers grew up playing video games on Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft

Prevent Internet Censorship, Save Freedom of Speech Essay

Every second, citizens of the world enter cyber space to relay information, keep in contact with family and friends, and to complete a multitude of various tasks. The World Wide Web is a major staple in ensuring that individuals of all nationalities can perform all the necessary tasks in their lives. However, the negative aspects of the internet have been recently brought into the public eye. Social Networks such as Facebook and Twitter along with other popularly accessed websites such as Reddit, 4Chan, and Pinterest have become the subject of critique after a whirl of internet controversy arose. Public scrutiny of many popularly viewed sites has resulted in the call for restrictions in order to prevent the harmful aspects of the†¦show more content†¦Companies from around the world take in millions of dollars thanks to expanding their enterprises onto the web. Due to internet censorship in China, numerous billion-dollar agencies are complaining that they are losing busin ess, customers, and, as a result, money. â€Å"China heavily censors the Internet for anti-government and politically sensitive content. As a result, popular U.S. websites including Twitter, Facebook and YouTube have all been blocked in the country. The censorship is so prevalent, that companies including Google, have complained that the Internet blocking acts as a kind of trade barrier† (Kan.) It is not the responsibility of the government to control the activities of its citizens. Many countries other than China have hopped onto the internet censorship bandwagon. Criticism for the real purposes behind website banning has created argument. For instance, there has been suspicion that the aspect of censoring the internet should an effort to protect its user is false. Many people believe this reasoning is a faà §ade. There is a fear that the use of internet censorship is a ploy to control the information released into society. A recent study constructed by OpenNet Initia tive, which consists of a team of individuals from the University of Toronto, Cambridge, Harvard, and Oxford University, sent their investigators to over 40 countries that were believed to have filtered the Internet content with the sole purpose of â€Å"silencingShow MoreRelatedCensorship in the Media1115 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship necessary? â€Å"Once a government is committed to the principle of silencing the voice of opposition, it has only one way to go, and that is down the path of increasingly repressive measures, until it becomes a source of terror to all its citizens and creates a country where everyone lives in fear. -- Harry S Truman Thesis: Although some people believe that censorship is adequate to select what things does the society will be good and can live around it while others believe that thereRead MoreEssay on Theme of Censorship in Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511669 Words   |  7 Pagesabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press (U.S. Constitution). Throughout the ages, censorship has shown up in various forms ranging from printed works to television and the Internet. It can have the positive effect of protecting children from things they are too immature to view, but it can also have negative effects. Censorship may even suppress new and different ideas, keeping them from being made public. It may also set limitations, which stifle the creativity of authors and prevent them fromRead MoreThe American Debate Regarding Censorship Of Hate Speech2032 Words   |  9 Pagesregarding censorship of hate speech is moving from traditional forms to newer ones found online. In particular, the internet has become a key organizing tool for hate groups. There is a large growing group of Internet members who can access the Internet and can have the opportunity to express an opinion about anything to compose their thoughts to the World Wide Web audience. The Internet allows freedom of expression without any limitations or regulation. Some viewers find the resultant of speech to beRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Censorship1978 Words   |  8 PagesThe idea of censorship can be found all over in the world’s history. Around 400 BC, Socrates, a famous rhetor, received a death sentence. There was no crime committed. The only thing Socrates did was try to educate people. He simply offended the wrong person morally and politically by his teachings. His sentence was to drink poison. Censorship is used in many places all over the world in places such as Rome, China, and Greece (Newth). Censorship is the act of supervising, blocking, and deleting materialRead MoreEssay on Brown Vs. Board of Edu cation1458 Words   |  6 Pagesabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press (U.S. Constitution). Throughout the ages, censorship has shown up in various forms ranging from printed works to television and the Internet. It can have the positive effect of protecting children from things they are too immature to view, but it can also have negative effects. Censorship may even suppress new and different ideas, keeping them from being made public. It may also set limitations, which stifle the creativity of authors and prevent them fromRead MoreThe Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) Essay2068 Words   |  9 Pageslimit the content within websites are encouraging censorship. With the internet as an international user-controlled domain, it has been a long struggle for both sides of the conflict. On October 26, 2011, a new piece of legislation, the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), had been introduced to the United States House of Representatives and is intended to help law enforcement agencies and copyright holders combat intellectual property theft on the Internet. However, the bill contains a few technicalitiesRead More Children and the Censorship of Internet Pornography Essay4060 Words   |  17 Pages The Internet is a global network of vast information. With a few clicks, an individual can have access to up to 200 million web-sites filled with educational and recreational information. The Internet is not regulated in anyway (Carnegie Library 1). It is accessible throughout the entire world from the North to the South, to the early morning sunrise and dark sunsets. Different ethnicity and backgrounds come together linked upon this network resembling a connection of one body in unity. SadlyRead MoreEssay on Social Harm Can Help Us to Explore the Complexities of2020 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause earlier that day, Tunisian police had confiscated Bouazizi’s cart and beaten him because he did not have a permit. He went to the municipal office to file a complaint, where workers there ignored him. Bouazizi then set himself on fire. The internet offered a speedy means of communication and news of the incident spread throughout the Middle East where citizens of neighbouring nations took to the streets. Years of human rights abuses came to the fore and angry mobs were willing to face theRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technologyRead MoreEssay on Ala Code of Ethics5446 Words   |  22 Pagesrelations and for general good of the services† (Strugeon, 2007, 56). The Code of Ethics was formally adopted in 1939. During that time, American Library Association adopted Library Bill of Rights in 1948 and The Freedom to Read statement in 1953. Library Bill of Rights and the Freedom to Read are important documents that help form ethical foundation in libraries. Since then, there was a significant change in the economic, social, and political that causes ALA to have a draft code in 1975 and again

Walking And The Suburbanized Psyche By Rebecca Solnit

Walking Backwards In â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche,† Rebecca Solnit argues that as technology in transportation continues to evolves; we are in danger of losing our imagination unless we â€Å"fight for free space† (Solnit page 264). I agree with her because we are not being deprived walking, are deprived of our creativity. In other words in modern day society we are told to believe everything we are told room authoritative figures and follow societal norms rightfully or wrongfully. Solnit starts out by saying â€Å"Freedom to walk is not much use without someplace to go† (Solnit page 262). Solnit starts out by saying our early ancestors used to walk miles in order to obtain food, find romance or communicate. Solnit claims that the average American walking radius has decreased to â€Å"a quarter of a mile† (Sonlit page 264) In modern America we prefer to drive to our friends house rather than walk. We spent time more time on social media sites rather face to face communication. As of 2010 the New York Times have announced that the average Americans walk approximately half a mile a day. When I first came to Riverside from Norcal I used to live in motel 6. I have spent four hours a day for three weeks walking getting to know the school and city. Just as Henry David Thoreau said in â€Å"Walking,† walking can symbolize a path taken or history that was and now is. This lack of exercise leads to health issues such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, type two diabetes, strokeShow MoreRelatedWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche By Rebecca Solnit997 Words   |  4 PagesIn the anecdote, â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche†, by Rebecca Solnit, she implies, if walking continues to devalue, our society s relationship between body, world, and imagination will be lost. I personally do not find walking to be a cultural activity or pleasure of getting around. Instead, walking is a hassle when the â€Å"Ameri can suburbs are built with a diffuseness that the unenhanced human body is inadequate to cope with†. Furthermore, instead of making us feel guilty or attempting to persuadeRead MoreSummary Of Walking And The Suburbanization Psyche1271 Words   |  6 PagesIn Walking and The Suburbanization Psyche, by Rebecca Solnit, the author argues that modern society’s continued decline in walking will toll away from our connections to the body, world, and imagination. Rebecca Solnit blames the advancements in technology and suburbanization stating that they are leading causes as to why walking is done less in modern society. Suburbanized society stands to lose not only the ability to socialize and create connections with the environment around them including natureRead MoreWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche1267 Words   |  6 PagesWalking in this Century Rebecca Solnit’s Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche stresses her concerns about the suburban wave that has plagued the world in recent times. According to her, the mind, the body, and the world have a special bond that is being vanquished by the lack of recreational walking. In the eighteenth century, there was a â€Å"golden era† for walking because recent accommodations made it possible for the general public to enjoy the untamed nature all around them. This era was short-livedRead MoreWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche Summary773 Words   |  4 Pages Walking is Fading In the essay â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche,† Solnit argues that human beings are losing the ordinary connections between the body and the world is caused by the advanced innovations that are being implemented. Walking has been part of human culture since the time of the Homosapien. According to Solnit, if walking continues to be devalued by our society, a lot of practical benefits and lifestyle will be gone. Back in the days, many people treated walking as a pleasure when

Chirstopher columbus Essay Example For Students

Chirstopher columbus Essay It is thought by many that Christopher Columbus was a skilled sailor on a mission of greed. Many think that he in fact did it all for the money, honor and the status that comes with an explorer, but this is not the case entirely. Columbus was an adventurer and was enthused by the thrill of the quest of the unknown. Columbus had a firm religious faith and a scientific curiosity, a zest for life, the felling for beauty and the striving for novelty that we associate with the advancement of learning. He had heard of the legendary Atlantic voyages and sailors reports of land to the west of Madeira and the Azores. He believed that Japan was about 4,800 km to the west of Portugal. In 1484, Columbus wanted support for an exploratory voyage from King John II of Portugal, but he was refused. In 1485, Columbus took his son Diego and went to Spain to get some help. Christopher waited on the queen for a meeting for over nine month with no funds due to her rigorous schedule; on his journey to meet the queen he walked in to a physicians shop and began a relationship with his daughter. Columbus eventually had a child with his mistress, but was unable to marry her do the fact that she was a peasant and that he already had a wife with must higher social status. Columbus would have given his social placement up for this women but could not, it is said that she was constantly on his conscience. By the time Christopher reached early thirties he was a master mariner in the Portuguese merchant service, which was the finest merchant marine of that time. He had sailed from above the artic circle to almost the equator and from the eastern Aegean to the outer Azores. He had learned as much as he possible could about the sea in his time. Although he was an regular reader on books of geography and cosmography his knowledge was limited because of their lack of technology. On May in 1486 almost a year after Columbus had enter Spain, he was finally allowed to meet with the queen who is said to be known for her great judgment in choosing the right man for the right job. The queen turned down Christophers proposals several times before giving it any true thought. The queen sent out her confessor to examine the great project to see if it was feasible. For the next six months Columbus lived the worst days of his life. Christopher was subjected to continuous prejudice even though he knew h is great project would open new pathways to maritime achievement and opportunity, but still the public viewed his revolutionary planes as a crackpot idea. Very few of the queens staff were in favor of the great quest except for one, Diego de Deza who granted Columbus 12,000 maravedis a year, which was about $83 in gold. It was enough to support a man like Columbus. Columbus had simple tastes. On Aug. 3, 1492, Columbus sailed from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa Mara, commanded by Columbus himself, the Pinta under Martn Pinzon, and the Nina under Vicente Yanez Pinzon. After stopping at the Canary Islands, he sailed due west from Sept. 6 until Oct. 7, when he changed his course to the southwest. On Oct. 10 a small rebellion was quelled, and on Oct. 12 he landed on a small island in the Bahamas. He took possessions for Spain and brought natives aboard, discovered other islands in the neighborhood. On Oct. 27 he sighted Cuba and on Dec. 5 reached Hispaniola. .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .postImageUrl , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:visited , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:active { border:0!important; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:active , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Georg Cantor EssayOn Christmas Eve the Santa Mara was wrecked on the north coast of Hispaniola, and Columbus, leaving men there to found a colony, hurried back to Spain on the Nina. His greeting was all he could wish; according to his contract with the Spanish sovereigns he was made admiral of the ocean sea and governor general of all new lands he had discovered or should discover. The later voyages became much more elaborate, with seventeen ships and 15,000 men aboard. In total there were four voyages that set sail to the new world. (Further readings not in book)As the fourth voyage Columbus ended. It was his last. Columbus had a long sickness that almost made him crazy, you might say he, lost his mind. But he knew one thing that the king and queen of Spain had not kept the promises they had made him, and he was determined, if he lived, to have justice, and to make them do as they said they would. They had told him that only he or one of his family could be Admiral of the Ocean Seas of the New Lands; they had sent across the ocean others, who were not of his family, to govern what he had been promised for his own. They had told him that he should have a certain share of the profits that came from trading and gold hunting in the Indies; they had not kept this promise either, and he was poor when he was convinced he should to be rich. So, when he was on land once more, he tried hard to get to court and see the king and queen. But he was too sick. He had got as far as Seville, the fair Spanish city by the Guadalquivir. But when he arrived, he again became disappointment. He lost his best friend at the court. It had been barely two weeks in Spain and the Queen Isabella died. After Queen Isabellas death, which did nothing to help Columbus. He would not agree to give the Admiral what he called his rights, and though Columbus kept writing letters from his sick room asking for justice, the king would do nothing for him. So Columbus had no friends at the kings court. Diego, his eldest son, was still one of the royal pages, but he could do nothing. Without friends, without influence, without opportunity, Columbus began to feel that he should never get his rights unless he could see the king himself. Even sick he was he determined to try it. It must have been sad to see this sick old man drag himself to the court to ask for justice from the king whom he had made rich. You would think that when King Ferdinand really saw Columbus he would have remembered all that this man had done for him and for Spain, and how brave and persistent and full of determination to do great things the Admiral once had been, he would at least have given the old man what was justly due him. But he would notDid Columbus discover America? Yes, in every important value. This does not mean that no human eye had been cast on America before Columbus arrived. It does mean that Columbus brought America to the attention of the civilized world, to the growing, scientific civilizations of Western Europe. The result, ultimately, was the United States of America. It was Columbus discovery for Western Europe that led to the arrival of ideas and people on which this nation was founded on. The voyages of Christopher Columbus contain one of the great adventure stories of all time. His first journey across thousands of miles of unknown ocean, in the middle of the rebellious grievances and tensions of his crew, was not only one of the most significant achievements of recorded human history, but was also a demonstration of Columbuss dominance as mariner and navigator. For a while he had faults and defects, which brought turmoil to his personal life, but there was no flaw, no dark sid e to the most significant of all his qualities, of course his seamanship. .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .postImageUrl , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:hover , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:visited , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:active { border:0!important; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:active , .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19 .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86bb36ef2ab6368a1fd01e755f421d19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayBibliography:

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ferrocene Essays -

The Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene A Modern Iterative Approach to a Classical Organometallic Laboratory Experiment Pamela S. Tanner, Gennady Dantsin, Stephen M. Gross, Alistair J. Lees, Clifford E. Myers, M. Stanley Whittingham and Wayne E. Jones, Jr. [1] State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902 (Funded by the National Science Foundation) (Submitted to J. Chemical Education) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Since ferrocene is credited with the rapid acceleration of modern organotransition metal chemistry (1,2) and the cyclopentadienyl group is extensively used as a stabilizing ligand, it is only fitting that the synthesis of ferrocene be incorporated into an advanced undergraduate inorganic laboratory. In our four credit course, the students work in pairs and have the opportunity to select six experiments from a total of nine. Three of these experiments must be selected from the area of materials chemistry and the topics include the synthesis of anhydrous CrCl3, a high temperature superconductor, the ZSM-5 zeolite and the lithium intercalation of WO3. Three wet experiments are also selected. These include the synthesis of W(CO)4, metal complexes of DMSO, a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium complex, ferrocene, and the acetylation of ferrocene. If ferrocene is selected, it must be done in conjunction with the acetylation of ferrocene and these labs make up two of the three wet labs that are done b y the student. Each lab incorporates an open ended question that the student may answer with the aid of library research or CAChe molecular modeling software with the Project Leader extension. This iterative approach builds confidence in the students ability to explore the unknown and reinforces the basic idea of the scientific method. The ferrocene synthesis has been an extremely successful and popular selection. The students enjoy the diverse technical skills acquired during this experiment. These are techniques that a student may not be introduced to again as an undergraduate and include the use of air-less glassware while working on a vacuum line, cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, thin-layer and column chromatography. In addition, the compounds are characterized by standard methods such as melting point determination, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Experiments Preparation of Ferrocene Ferrocene is synthesized with a modification of the preparation reported by Jolly (3). The yield in the reported synthesis was 93% (3). Cyclopentadiene undergoes a 4+2 cycloaddition to form dicyclopentadiene. For this reason, cyclopentadiene is usually purified before use. Dicyclopentadiene boils at 170C and cyclopentadiene boils at 42.5 C. For efficiency, the dicyclopentadiene dimer is thermally cracked using a fractional distillation apparatus in advance by the teaching assistant. While this is usually done on the day of the experiment, we have found that cyclopentadiene may be stored without significant dimerization in a foil covered container in a freezer for several days. At the beginning of the lab period, the students grind KOH in a mortar and quickly transfer it to a tared vial. KOH is hygroscopic and should be ground in small portions (2 g). A nitrogen glove bag is a worthwhile investment for this step in the procedure. In addition to protecting the students from the corrosi ve KOH, it ensures that the KOH is dry. The FeCl2.4H20 will also go into solution more effectively if it is finely ground. It is then placed in a tared vial. The pre-weighed KOH (15 g) is placed in a 100 mL (14/20) three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (30 mL) is added with stirring to the KOH. One side of the neck is stoppered and the other is connected to a vacuum line through a gas adapter. While the mixture is slowly stirred and the flask is being purged with a stream of nitrogen, the cyclopentadiene (2.75 mL) is added. The resulting solution is rose colored. The main neck is then fitted with a pressure equalizing dropping funnel (25 mL) with its stopcock open. In a second one neck round bottom flask that is fitted with a septum, FeCl2.4H20 (3.25 g) and DMSO (12.5 mL) are stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere to dissolve the FeCl2.4H20. After about five minutes, the stopcock is closed and the FeCl2 solution is added to the pressure equalizing dropping funnel. The reaction mixture in the three-neck flask is stirred vigorously and the purging with nitrogen is continued. After about ten minutes, the stopper is placed

The Life and Works of Honoré de Balzac, French Novelist

The Life and Works of Honorà © de Balzac, French Novelist Honorà © de Balzac (born Honorà ©Ã‚  Balssa, May 20, 1799 – August 18, 1850) was a novelist and playwright in nineteenth-century France. His work formed part of the foundation of the realist tradition in European literature, with particular focus on his remarkably complex characters. Fast Facts: Honorà © de Balzac Occupation: WriterBorn: May 20, 1799 in Tours, FranceDied: August 18, 1850 in Paris, FranceKey Accomplishments: Groundbreaking French novelist whose realist style and complex characters shaped the modern novelSelected Work: Les Chouans  (1829), Eugà ©nie Grandet (1833), La Pà ¨re Goriot (1835), La Comà ©die humaine (collected works)Quote: There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power.† Family and Early Life Honorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s father, Bernard-Francois Balssa, was from a large lower-class family. As a young man, he worked hard to climb up the social ladder and eventually did so, working for the governments of both Louis XVI and, later, Napoleon. He changed his name to Francois Balzac to sound more like the aristocrats he now interacted with, and eventually married the daughter of a wealthy family, Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier. The age gap was considerable – thirty-two years – and was arranged in gratitude for Francois’s assistance to the family. It never was a love match. Despite this, the couple had five children. Honorà © was the eldest to survive infancy, and was closest in age and affection to his sister Laure, born a year later. Honorà © attended the local grammar school, but struggled with the rigid structure and consequently was a poor student, even once he was returned to the care of his family and private tutors. It was not until he entered university at the Sorbonne that he began to thrive, studying history, literature, and philosophy under some of the great minds of the day. After college, Honorà © began a career as a law clerk on the advice of his father. He was intensely dissatisfied with the work, but it did provide him with the opportunity to come into contact with and observe people of all walks of life and the moral dilemmas inherent in the practice of the law. Leaving his law career caused some discord with his family, but Honorà © held firm. Early Career Honorà © began his attempts at a literary career as a playwright, then, under a pseudonym, as a co-writer of â€Å"potboiler† novels: quickly-written, often scandalous novels, the equivalent of modern-day â€Å"trashy† paperbacks. He tried his hand at journalism, commenting on the political and cultural state of the post-Napoleon era in France, and failed miserably at his business venture when he tried to make a living as a publisher and printer. In this literary era, two specific subgenres of novels were in vogue both critically and popularly: historical novels and personal novels (that is, those which narrate a specific person’s life in detail). Honorà © embraced this style of writing, bringing his own experiences with debtors, the printing industry, and the law into his novels. This experience set him apart from the bourgeois novelists of the past and many of his contemporaries, whose knowledge of other ways of life was entirely gleaned from previous writers’ depictions. La Comedie Humaine In 1829, he wrote Les Chouans, the first novel he published under his own name. This would become the first entry into his career-defining work: a series of intertwined stories depicting various facets of French life during the Restoration and July Monarchy periods (that is, from about 1815 to 1848). When he published his next novel, El Verdugo, he again used a new name: Honorà © de Balzac, rather than just â€Å"Honorà © Balzac.† The â€Å"de† was used to denote noble origins, so Honorà © adopted it in order to better fit into respected circles of society. In many of the novels that make up La Comedie Humaine, Honorà © moved between sweeping portraits of French society as a whole and the small, intimate details of individual lives. Among his most successful works were La Duchesse de Langeais, Eugenie Grandet, and Pere Goriot. The novels ranged hugely in length, from the thousand-page epic Illusions Perdues to the novella La Fille aux yeux d’or. The novels in this series were notable for their realism, particularly when it came to their characters. Rather than writing characters who were paragons of good or evil, Honorà © depicted people in a much more realistic, nuanced light; even his minor characters were shaded with different layers. He also gained a reputation for his naturalistic depictions of time and place, as well as driving narratives and intricate relationships. Honorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s writing habits were the stuff of legend. He could write for fifteen or sixteen hours a day, with copious amounts of coffee to fuel his concentration and energy. In many instances, he became obsessed with perfecting the smallest details, often making change after change. This didn’t necessarily stop when the books were sent off to the printers, either: he frustrated many a printer by rewriting and editing even after the proofs were sent to him. Social and Family Life Despite his obsessive work life, Honorà © managed to have a thriving social life. He was popular in society circles for his storytelling prowess, and he counted other famous figures of the day – including fellow novelist Victor Hugo – among his acquaintance. His first love was Maria Du Fresnay, a fellow writer who was unhappily married to a much older man. She bore Honorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s daughter, Marie-Caroline Du Fresnay, in 1834. He had also had an earlier mistress, an older woman by the name of Madame de Berny, who had saved him from financial ruin prior to his novelistic success. Honorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s great love story, though, began in a way that seems like something from a novel. He received an anonymous letter in 1832 that criticized the cynical depictions of faith and of women in one of his novels. In response, he posted an advertisement in a newspaper to attract his critic’s attention, and the pair began a correspondence that lasted fifteen years. The person on the other side of these letters was Ewelina Hanska, a Polish countess. Honorà © and Ewelina were both highly intelligent, passionate people, and their letters were full of such topics. They first met in person in 1833. Her much-older husband died in 1841, and Honorà © traveled to St. Petersburg, where she was staying, in 1843 to meet her again. Because they both had complicated finances, and Ewelina’s family was mistrusted by the Russian tsar, they were unable to marry until 1850, by which time they were both suffering health issues. Honorà © had no children with Ewelina, although he did father children from other earlier affairs. Death and Literary Legacy Honorà © only enjoyed his marriage for a few months before he fell ill. His mother arrived in time to say goodbye, and his friend Victor Hugo visited him on the day before his death. Honorà © de Balzac died quietly on August 18, 1850. He is buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, and a statue of him, the Balzac Monument, sits at a nearby intersection. The greatest legacy Honorà © de Balzac left behind was the use of realism in the novel. The structure of his novels, in which the plot is presented in sequential order by an omniscient narrator and one event causes another, was influential for many later writers. Literary scholars have also focused on his exploration of the links between social standing and character development, as well as a belief in the strength of the human spirit that has endured to this day. Sources Brunetiere, Ferdinand. Honorà © de Balzac. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1906.â€Å"Honore de Balzac.† New World Encyclopedia, 13 January 2018, newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Honore_de_Balzac.â€Å"Honore de Balzac.† Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 14 August 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Honore-de-Balzac.Robb, Graham. Balzac: A Biography. W. W. Norton Company, New York, 1994.

Literature review of nursing leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature review of nursing leaders - Essay Example The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines quality of care in hospitals as the level to which health services offered to individuals increase the certainty of expected health results and are in harmony with current professional expertise. With this standard definition, quality indictors include death, disability, discomfort, disease and dissatisfaction (Yragui et al, 2013). However, recent medical practitioners have shifted way from the usual negative to the positive aspects of quality. This has led to the innovation of the description of quality health care is the safe, effective and equitable services that health practitioners give to patients ( Mitchell). Curtis et al (2011) defines nurse leaders as medical practitioners who order instructions to medical students or co-workers. In addition, the two claim that every leader in whichever position merges their circle of influence with clinical practise. This goes hand in hand with Yraguis (2013) suggestion that anyone who is in authority and has disciples who rely on their expertise is a leader. Nurse leaders have many roles to perform in the hospital because of their influence to other nurses. One such role is providing organizational support. Nurse leaders are expected to motivate nurses and make them feel appreciated in the hospital (Morse, 2007). The nurses should feel needed in the organization and that their efforts are recognized. Nurse leaders help improve practice levels when they are responsive to patient concerns. They can also make other care providers believe that the management is concerned with high-quality care. This would in turn encourage care providers to give specialized care to patients, as agreed by Yargui (2013).The providers will also embrace positive attitude and behaviour. Employees who receive compliments from employers would have better attitudes. The nurse leaders should also give an aggression free environment to other care providers. They should

Human Resource Management-Research Project Research Paper - 1

Human Resource Management- Project - Research Paper Example Global organizations should engage in the best practices with regards to the people side of the organization because they can be a source of competitive advantages that can help them survive the mounting pressures of the fast-changing global business environment. Following a promotion that put me in charge of a junior employee at the City Bank, I have been tasked to recruit a replacement to my former Head of Finance position and to oversee the new recruit in discharging bank’s goals and objectives. After a thorough job analysis, I have developed a detailed job description, recruiting plan, Selection strategy (including testing and interviewing), performance evaluation, motivation, employee training, and development. Job Description City bank is a leading financial institution that seeks to recruit a self-driven and experienced Head of Finance; the successful candidate will take charge of the financial management function of the bank ensuring the establishment of appropriate fi nancial plans that will secure the bank’s assets from potential loss. The individual will be responsible for ensuring the bank has appropriate policies and processes and their optimal controls, and carrying out analyses and financial projections in support of the bank’s strategic growth, generate the annual financial budgets and monitoring of the bank’s progress versus these goals. The job also entails maintaining comprehensive yearly cash-flow forecasts, carrying out strategic financial analyses, ensuring the bank’s compliance with regulatory laws, maintaining good relationships with suppliers and other service providers, and supporting external auditing processes. In addition to that, the individual will develop and execute investment plans to ensure maximization of outcomes, continually review and upgrade the accounting systems and procedures in line with the bank’s operating systems, manage and optimize the IT platform to ensure efficiency in d ata keeping and retrieving. Recruitment Plan The key guidelines for the recruitment plan are the specific skills and competencies that are desirable for the position of the Head of Finance position in the bank, advertising mechanism, and the applications evaluation criteria. Applicants must have a Degree in accounting or financial management and at least 10 years’ worth of experience in financial services; desirable skills for the job include financial accounting, planning, and management expertise. Apart from that, prospective candidates must also be experienced in the development of banking policies and procedures, budgeting and budgetary controls. Knowledge of tax laws and regulations, excellent IT skills and in-depth knowledge of accounting software and staff management, development and discipline skills will be an added advantage.

Postpartum Stress Disorder Essay Example for Free

Postpartum Stress Disorder Essay The postpartum period has been defined as a bringing forth of the period following childbirth (Webster, 1988, p. 1055) or occurring after childbirth or after delivery, with reference to the mother (Doriand, 1988, p. 1343). In nursing or medical textbooks, the postpartum period is defined as the 6-week interval between the birth of the newborn and the return of the reproductive organs to their normal non-pregnant state (Wong Perry, 1998, p. 480). However, Tulman and Fawcetts (1991) found that the recovery of postpartum womens functional status from childbirth takes at least 3 to 6 months. Websters Dictionary defines stress concretely as a physical, mental, or emotional strain that disturbs ones normal bodily functions (Webster, 1997, p. 735). Stress is produced by stressors. Wheaton (1996) defines stressors as conditions of threat, demands, or structural constraints that, by the very fact of their occurrence or existence, call into question the operating integrity of the organism (p. 2). In addition, four characteristics of stressors are described: (1) threats, demands, or structural constraints; (2) a force challenging the integrity of the organism; (3) a problem that requires resolution; and, (4) identity relevant in threats in which the pressure exerted by the stressor, in part, derives its power from its potential to threaten or alter identities. Further, awareness of the damage potential of a stressor is not a necessary condition for that stressor having negative consequences; and a stressor can be defined bidirectional ly with respect to demand characteristics. That is, it is possible for both over-demand and under-demand to be stress problems (Wheaton, 1996). Accordingly, based on the above definitions of the postpartum period, stress, and stressors, postpartum stress is defined as a constraining force produced by postpartum stressors. Postpartum stressors are defined as conditions of change, demand, or structural constraint that, by the very fact of their occurrence or existence within six weeks after delivery, call into question the operating integrity of body changes, maternal role attainment, and social support. Due to its many adjustments, the postpartum period has been conceptualized as a time of vulnerability to stress for childbearing women (Too, 1997). Postpartum Period The postpartum period has been conceptualized by a variety of cultures as a time of vulnerability to stress for women (Hung and Chung, 2001). It is characterized by dramatic changes and requires mandatory adjustments that involve many difficulties and concerns, possibly leading to new demands, or structural constraints and, therefore, stress. All mothers face the multiple demands of adjusting to changes in the body, learning about the new infant, and getting support from significant others. For women going through this transition, it may be a uniquely stressful life experience. Several stressors specific to the puerperium as it exists in the literature have been identified. Those pertaining to body changes include: pain/discomfort, rest/sleep disturbances, diet, nutrition, physical restrictions, weight gain, return to prepregnancy physical shape, care of wounds, contraception, resuming sexual intercourse, discomfort of stitches, breast care, breast soreness, hemorrhoids, flabby subcutaneous tissue, and striae. Stressors pertaining to maternal role attainment include: concerns about infant crying, health, development, bathing, clothing, handling, diapering, night-time feeding, breastfeeding, conflicting expert advice, keeping the baby in an environment with a comfortable temperature, bottle feeding, appearance, safety, elimination, body weight, skin, babys sex, breathing, spitting up, sleeping, and cord care (Moran et al. , 1997; Too, 1997). Finally, those stressors pertaining to social support include: running the household, finances, perception of received emotional support, giving up work, finding time for personal interests and hobbies, fathers role with the baby, relationship with the husband, restriction of social life, relationship with children, and coordinating the demands of husband, housework, and children (Moran et al. , 1997). In addition, Hung and Chung (2001) shows that after childbirth women will encounter another type of stress during the postpartum period, which is characterized by dramatic changes and requires adjustment. Conditions of change, demand, or structural constraint may occur during these dramatic changes, creating many difficulties or concerns. Therefore, in addition to general stress, postpartum stress is induced after delivery during the postpartum period. Postpartum Stress Disorder Postpartum Stress Disorder (PSD) is the most serious, least common, and most highly publicized of the postpartum mood disorders: mothers with PSD have killed their infants and themselves. It is on the extreme end of the postpartum continuum of mood disorders (Nonacs, 2005) and attention to symptoms is vital for any postpartum support program. The treatment issues will not be fully discussed here because of their specialty and complexity. However, it remains a primary function of the service delivery to recognize symptoms and refer appropriately for specialized psychiatric care and management. A sensitive, direct question such as, Some women who have a new baby have thoughts such as wishing the baby were dead or about harming the baby; has this happened to you? (Wisner, et al. , 2003, p. 44), is an essential element of postpartum evaluation and Wisner and colleagues (2003) have suggested that this question be asked of all postpartum women. PSD is a rare, severe disorder with a prevalence of one to two cases per one thousand births (Seyfried Marcus, 2003). Symptoms are abrupt and often occur within 48 hours of delivery but can be delayed as long as two years (Rosenberg, et al, 2003). Typically, however, symptoms occur within the first three weeks, and two thirds appear within the first two weeks postpartum (Chaudron Pies, 2003). Symptoms include mood lability, distractibility, insomnia, abnormal or obsessive thoughts, impairment in functioning, delusions, hallucinations, feelings of guilt, bizarre behavior, feelings of persecution, jealousy, grandiosity, suicidal and homicidal ideation, self-neglect, and cognitive disorganization (Wisner et al. , 2003). Women with PSD who harbor thoughts of harming their infant are more likely to act on those thoughts (Wisner et al. , 2003). Because of the severity of the illness and significant concern for the safety of both the infant and the mother, PSD is considered a psychiatric emergency and hospitalization is necessary. Etiology of PSD There has been some debate about the etiology of PSD. As noted previously, the incidence is approximately one or two women per one thousand births. This rate has remained unchanged for that last 150 years (Wisner et al. , 2003). In cross-cultural studies the rates for PSD are similar to those reported in the United States and the United Kingdom. These findings suggest a primary etiologic relationship between PSD and childbirth, rather than psychosocial factors (Wisner et al. , 2003). OHara (1997) has noted that women are 20 to 30 times more likely to be hospitalized for PSD within thirty days after childbirth than at any other time during the life span, leading him to speculate, with little doubt, that for women there is a specific association between childbirth and PSD. There are subgroups of women who may be more likely to develop stressful symptoms after delivery. Primaparas appear to have a higher risk for c than multiparous women (Wisner et al. , 2003). This may be the result of an undiagnosed bipolar disorder. Women with a history of bipolar disorder or PSD have a 1 in 5 risk of hospitalization following childbirth (Seyfried Marcus, 2003). The overall pattern of symptoms described as PSD suggests the illness is on a continuum of bipolar mood disorders (Wisner et al. , 2003). The clinical presentation of PSD is often very similar to a manic episode (Seyfried Marcus, 2003). Affective disturbances may be depressive, manic, or mixed (Chaudron Pies, 2003). While there is no typical presentation, women often display delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized behavior. Delusional behavior often revolves around infants and children, and these women must be carefully assessed because thoughts of harming their children are sometimes acted upon (Chaudron Pies, 2003). The predominant affective symptom in those postpartum women who commit infanticide, filicide, or suicide is depression rather than mania (Chaudron Pies, 2003). In reviewing the connection between bipolarity and PSD several studies have shown evidence for a link in four areas: symptom presentation, diagnostic outcomes, family history, and recurrences in women with bipolar disorder (Chaudron Pies, 2003). The relationship to bipolar disorder is considered quite persuasive and it has been suggested that acute onset PPP be considered bipolar disorder until proven otherwise (Wisner et al. , 2003). However bipolarity does not account for all cases of PSD and a meticulous differential diagnosis is mandatory for those women with presenting stress symptoms. A careful checking of the patients history for previous manic or hypomanic episodes as well as any family history of bipolar disorder is important in order to rule out bipolar disorder. Organic causes contributing to first onset PSD need to be examined and ruled out. These include: tumors, sequelae to head injury, central nervous system infections, cerebral embolism, psychomotor seizures, hepatic disturbance, electrolyte imbalances, diabetic conditions, anoxia, and toxic exposures (Seyfried Marcus, 2003). Of special consideration in postpartum women is thyroiditis. This is relatively common in postpartum women and usually begins with a hyperthyroid phase progressing to hypothyroidism. In either phase PSD can occur (Wisner et al. , 2003). Obtaining serum calcium levels is important to rule out hypercalcemia for patients displaying PSD symptoms (Wisner et al. , 2003). Sleep loss resulting from the interaction of various causes may be a pathway to the development of PSD in susceptible women (Wisner et al. , 2003). The later stages of pregnancy and the early postpartum period are associated with high levels of sleep disturbance. This seems to be more prevalent in primiparous women than in multiparae. Historical and contemporary studies have noted that insomnia and sleep loss are significant and early symptoms of PSD. The rapid and abrupt changes of gonadal steroids after delivery and the evidence that estrogen has an effect on mood and the sleep-wake cycle (Wisner et al. , 2003) suggest an interaction between hormonal fluctuations, sleep loss, and the onset of PSD. Treatment of PSD PSD is a severe illness and should be considered a psychiatric emergency requiring hospitalization (Rosenberg et al. , 2003). The stigma attached to mental illness and especially to mothers who may harm their infants and themselves, often prevents women and their families from seeking help. PSD is often marked with periods of lucidity that can fool those close to the mother and health care professionals. Because of the complexity of the diagnosis and treatment, referral to a psychiatric specialist is required and formal treatment is beyond the scope of this program. However, it will be necessary to recognize symptoms and be cognizant of risk factors, such as history of bipolar disorder or previous PSD. Such awareness is essential, as is the readiness to offer support until adequate services can be implemented (Wisner et al. , 2003). Prevention of PSD is unclear, but early identification of a history of bipolar disorder and/or previous PSD would be an element of a comprehensive postpartum program. Prenatal education describing symptoms is an important aspect of a proactive approach to postpartum care. Part of the prenatal and postpartum educational effort will include urging women to share any bizarre thoughts and fears with their health care professionals and families. New mothers experiencing insomnia will be encouraged to seek assistance from their physicians and to engage other family members to care for the infant during nighttime feedings (Wisner et al. , 2003). As noted earlier, specific treatment is beyond the scope of this program, but a proactive approach to early identification and recognition of unusual thoughts, feelings, and experiences may help to initiate treatment and avoidance of tragic results. Conclusion During the postpartum period, women are immersed in the realities of parenting and coping with balancing their multiple roles (e. g. , wife, mother, and career woman). However, women frequently report difficulty in adjusting to the needs of the baby and other children, difficulty with housework and routines, concerns over support to cope with family needs, and concerns over weight gain and body changes. Accordingly, postpartum stress has an important role in a womans life and influences her health status, both physical and mental.

religions function in society Essay -- essays research papers

Religion has many functions within a society, both social and psychological. According to Ferraro (308) three such social functions are social control, conflict resolution, and intensifying group solidarity. Religion seems to help maintain a social order. It appears to do this by encouraging what a given society deems acceptable behavior and discouraging socially inappropriate behavior. â€Å"Every religion, regardless of the form it takes, is an ethical system that prescribes proper way of behaving.† (Ferraro 308) This social order of rewards and punishment is reinforced when backed by supernatural authority. Thus one’s neighbor may be exorcized from his or her community when a behavior is seen as socially unacceptable or inappropriate. Examples of this in the Jewish-Christian community would be the breaking of the Ten Commandments such as stealing, committing adultery, or murdering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another social function of religion is to â€Å"enable people to express their common identity in an emotionally charged environment† ( Ferraro 308). Group solidarity is intensified for those who practice it. When members of a religious group come together to practice religious beliefs, they often bond by participating in other non-religious activities as well. (Ferraro 308) People find religion an easy way to identify with one another. Religion helps to form community, schools, and even government. People who are ‘more’ religious tend to hold more conservative attitudes on sexuality and personal honesty. They are also likely to hold more conservative attitudes about family life, being more likely, for instance, to support the use of corporal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vaeth 2 punishment in disciplining children. Strongly religious people also tend to be more accepting and satisfied with their lives and marriages. This is perhaps because they do not question what is unknown. It is perhaps merely accepted upon faith. (Brinkerhoff, White, Ortega 295-305)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion also plays the role of reducing stress and frustrations that often lead to social conflict. (Ferra... ...d in a variety of religions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rituals are usually practiced within a group of people, many times forming a community such as a church. Going to service every Sunday is a ritual. Meeting a group of friends every Friday night after work for a drink is a ritual. Rituals are spiritual and nonspiritual, religious and magical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The core elements of religion, belief, ritual, and myth bring people together just as much as they divide them into groups. Religion helps people find personal identity and fit into a community. Being divided into groups is not necessarily a bad thing. It is human nature. If mankind isn’t divisive over religion, it’s over politics, if not politics, then something else. In my perspective, it is not religion that creates the division; it’s the people. According to Ferraro, (322) â€Å"religion has played an important role in global social change through liberation theology (whereby Catholic priests and nuns work for social reform and justice for the poor) and religious nationalism (whereby religious beliefs are merged with government institutions).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Bullying

We’ve all experienced bullying at some point in our lives. But bullying is more than just a part of growing up. It is a form of aggressiveness or violent behavior shown to children who are quiet, shy or unsociable. Bullying can often be started with rumors and can result in very serious and unimaginable consequences such as suicide. Since bullying is such a prevalent problem in todays world, a solution is necessary to stop this atrocious act from being committed. Bullying occurs when kids aren't tolerant of each other, therefore they will start picking on one another.There are different types of bullying. The most common form is cyber bullying. This one and verbal bullying are one of the most hurtful types someone could ever experience. I’ve experienced both, at the age of twelve. I was new to the school, just like twenty other students; but for some reasons, they had decided to pick on me. It was a typical Tuesday, when I entered the classroom, everyone was surrounding one of my classmates laptop. Like any other curious student would, I went to see what was going on.On this boy’s screen was a picture of me he had gotten from Facebook, with the head of a horse replacing mine. Everyone was laughing. My response to this was violence, which actually motivated them even more since I was responding to their provocation. If bullying goes on for a long while, there can be negative effects. 86 percent of students said that bullying causes students or teens to turn violent. I can totally relate to this statistic. At first, I tried ignoring name calling and hurtful comments about my looks.But as it grew bigger, I had become aggressive as a way of dealing with frustration. Researchers from Finland discovered that victims suffer from anxiety disorders, such as depression, panic disorder, etc. Sometimes the disorders can also cause difficulties with the victims' family and friends. I had become very distant and arrogant with my family, especially with m y mother. I would release all the tension I had gotten from school onto her. I also felt lonely and sad. My self-esteem had decreased and so did my social life.In some cases, the bullying may be so severe and may go on for so long that the victim may actually commit suicide, which is called bullycide when related to bullying. There are many strategies you can use to stop bullies and to help others. As a victim, you need to stand up for yourself. The best way to deal with bullies and bullying is to ask other people for help. Victims may go to friends, teachers, parents, or other adults for help. After my mother found out about what was happening she talked to the bullies’ parents and everything had ceased the next day.Another important part of dealing with a bully is remaining calm and not letting the bully get a reaction out of you. Bullies want to feel a sense of power over their victims. However, bullies only have this sense of power if you give it to them. Don't! Make sure that you stay calm. Bullying is a universal problem faced by kids of every age. It happens in schools, neighborhoods, and homes every single day. It can end into very serious circumstances and can ruin someone’s life. Bullying is not worth suffering for so don’t wait for it to get worse, don’t be scared to ask for help or help others.

St. Patricks Day Science Projects